Social Anxiety Disorder: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Overcome It

Social anxiety disorder, also known as and often referred to as social phobia, has been identified to be a psychopathology whereby one experiences severe fear of interacting in groups and in public and also develops fear of being a subject of scrutiny. In recent times, much effort has been made by the scientific community to understand what the real causes of the disease are, its symptoms and ways through which it can be treated well. 

Social Anxiety Disorder and Social Phobia  

Though these two terms are often used to equate with each other or are considered similar due to many similarities, still there are certain nuances that have been identified between these two. Let’s understand what these are.  

Defining Social Anxiety Disorder   

Social anxiety disorder is described as a chronic mental health condition in which a person’s daily life is impacted by persistent fear of being judged or humiliated in social situations. It has been reported that this disorder affects various aspects of life, including relationships, careers, and self-esteem.   

What is Social Phobia?   

Social phobia has been defined as a condition in which intense anxiety is experienced in specific situations, such as public speaking or performing. While social phobia is considered a subset of social anxiety disorder, it has been noted that the fear in these cases is often situation-specific.   

Differences Between Social Anxiety and General Anxiety   

You may have a question like whether general anxiety is the same as social anxiety disorder. Let’s find out in the following sections.  

• Social anxiety is often the result triggered by public scrutiny or talking in public. On the other hand, general anxiety is something that can happen in various situations.    

• Fear of being subject to judgment by others is one of the symptoms of social anxiety. General anxiety is more about fear of broad concerns like your health, financial stability, safety, etc. 

• In social anxiety, you may manifest avoidance behaviour in specific scenarios, but in general anxiety, you may seem worried all the time.  

Symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder   

Various symptoms, both physiological and psychological, have been identified in people diagnosed with social anxiety disorder; some of them are: -  

Physical Symptoms of Social Anxiety   

• Elevated heart rate accompanied by accelerated respiration   

• Excessive sweating, irrespective of the environment   

• Trembling, dizziness, or a feeling of unsteadiness  

• Nausea or muscle tension types of physical discomfort 

Emotional and Cognitive Symptoms   

• Severe fear of embarrassment or humiliation in social settings 

• Difficulty in maintaining concentration due to increased self-consciousness 

• A pervasive sense of inadequacy or worthlessness in social relationships   

Common Negative Thought Patterns in Social Anxiety   

• Assumption of being judged adversely by others   

• Exaggeration of social missteps and their consequences   

• Concerns regarding potential rejection, ridicule, or becoming the focus of undesired attention 

Causes of Social Anxiety Disorder   

What exactly causes social anxiety is still under scientific study. But scientists also believe that it could develop in an individual due to multiple reasons like their genetics, the environment they grew up in, and cultural factors can also influence to a great extent.  

Genetic and Biological Factors  

• Two of the main factors that may develop social anxiety disorder in one are believed to be genetic and biological factors. For example, a person with a family history of anxiety disorder has a higher chance of developing the condition. 

• When brain chemicals like serotonin reduce activity, it can cause neurochemical imbalance, resulting in such conditions.  

• Overactivity in some brain regions, like the amygdala, is also associated with fear responses.  

Environmental and Psychological Causes   

• Environmental and psychological influences include growing up with negative experiences like bullying or accessive criticism 

• Overprotective parenting, which limits exposure to social challenges 

• Experiencing limited social interactions in the early years which affects confidence 

Social and Cultural Influences   

• Cultural and social factors are considered other predisposing aspects and often impose expectations of perfectionism or elevated performance    

• The stigma surrounding mental health often makes it difficult for people to take professional help 

• Society's emphasis on how one looks can severely impact one’s self-consciousness and confidence.  

How to Diagnose Social Anxiety Disorder   

The identification of social anxiety disorder is regarded as an essential phase in comprehending and tackling its consequences. 

Social Anxiety Disorder Test: What to Expect   

In professional assessments, patients have been asked to complete certain questionnaires and participate in structured interviews. These interviews and evaluations are conducted to assess the severity, frequency and these evaluations are supposed to assess the intensity, frequency, and context of anxiety symptoms. 

Self-Assessment Tools for Social Anxiety  

There are a range of tools that have been developed for self-assessment which also include online questionnaires and checklists of symptoms. These tools can provide some initial insights but shouldn’t be seen as equal to professional evaluations.  

When to Seek Professional Diagnosis   

A professional diagnosis is advised when symptoms significantly disrupt daily functioning. Situations in which personal relationships, job performance, or general well-being are affected are seen as indicators for seeking expert guidance.   

Exposure Therapy   

Exposure therapy has been recognised as an effective diagnostic and therapeutic method wherein controlled exposure to feared situations is encouraged. This approach is designed to reduce avoidance behaviours and anxiety over time.   

How to Manage Social Anxiety in Everyday Life

Practical strategies for managing social anxiety in daily life have been developed and widely applied.   

Coping Strategies  

Including a few great coping strategies also works greatly in reducing social anxiety in everyday life. Methods like: - 

• Deep breathing exercises, mindful meditations, yoga, etc., help in relaxing the mind 
• Gradually attending social gatherings can help you build your confidence 
• Using positive affirmations can work as a counteract to negative thoughts 

Finding Support Networks  

Having strong support networks of friends, family members, support groups, etc., can greatly help the patient in reducing the feeling of isolation and loneliness.   

Treatment Options for Social Anxiety Disorder   

A variety of treatment options have been made available to address social anxiety disorder.   

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)   

CBT is widely considered the most effective treatment for social anxiety disorder. In this therapy, negative thought patterns and avoidance behaviours are identified and systematically addressed.   

Medications for Social Anxiety   

The use of medications, including SSRIs, beta-blockers, and benzodiazepines, has been shown to benefit individuals with social anxiety. The following effects have been noted:   

• SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors): Reduction of overall anxiety.   

• Beta-blockers: Management of physical symptoms during specific events.   

• Benzodiazepines: Rapid relief of acute anxiety symptoms, though long-term use is discouraged due to dependency risks.   

Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques   

Mindfulness practices, such as meditation and guided imagery, have been found to help individuals remain present and reduce anxiety. Relaxation techniques are often combined with other therapeutic interventions.   

Group Therapy   

Group therapy sessions are facilitated to provide individuals with opportunities to interact in a controlled, supportive environment. Shared experiences and encouragement from peers are believed to be beneficial.   

How to Cope with Social Anxiety on a Day-to-Day Basis   

Daily management of social anxiety has been improved through structured routines, prioritisation of self-care, and the establishment of realistic expectations for social interactions.   

When to Seek Help for Social Anxiety: The Warning Signs   

Professional help should be sought when symptoms of social anxiety start interfering with functioning, such as avoidance of important activities, persistent feelings of distress, or reliance on maladaptive coping mechanisms, including drug use. 

Overcoming Social Anxiety   

Overcoming social anxiety is not something that you can achieve overnight. It is, in fact, a gradual process that needs constant persistence and support. 

Steps to Take Towards Recovery   

So, now the question is, what are the steps you can take towards your recovery from social anxiety? Here are a few effective tips. 

• Understand and identify triggers and patterns 

• With the help of professionals, develop customised strategies and coping techniques 

• Make sure to practice these strategies and techniques progressively in challenging scenarios   

Long-Term Management Strategies   

Long-term strategies need a holistic approach which includes constant engagement with therapies, developing healthy relationships, and maintaining and following a balanced lifestyle that promotes mental well-being.   

Mindtalk: Your Partner in Mental Health Support  

Experiencing and living with a social anxiety disorder is challenging, and it severely affects many aspects of your life, from relationships to careers to overall well-being. However, there’s a way you can manage and overcome your social anxiety, and Mindtalk can help you achieve it. 

Mindtalk is a reliable and all-round wellness clinic where you can get needed support from a great team of experts, specialised in helping people overcome stress, depression, anxiety and other related problems. Here, our specialists offer you a convenient and confidential space to manage your mental health concerns.  

If you're seeking solutions for emotional and mental well-being, MindTalk’s Social Anxiety Disorder Therapists are here to help. Our platform offers comprehensive mental health services, including counselling, therapy, and psychiatric care, provided by specialised experts. With a focus on evidence-based and holistic approaches, we support your path to personal growth and healing. Reach out to us today to book a therapy session. Call us at +91 73534 00999. 

FAQs 

What causes social anxiety disorder? 

Social anxiety disorder is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors, including early life experiences and societal influences. These factors are thought to interact, increasing the risk of developing social anxiety disorder. 

How is social anxiety disorder diagnosed? 

Social anxiety disorder is diagnosed using clinical interviews and questionnaires, where symptoms are assessed. The impact of these symptoms on daily life is also evaluated, and a professional judgment is made based on the severity of the condition. 

What treatment options are available for social anxiety disorder? 

Treatment options for social anxiety disorder are offered through cognitive behavioural therapy, medications like SSRIs, and mindfulness techniques. Exposure therapy is often used to reduce avoidance behaviours. Each treatment is tailored to the individual’s needs and severity level. 

Can social anxiety disorder be treated without medication? 

Yes, social anxiety disorder can be managed effectively without medication. Therapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, relaxation techniques, and mindfulness exercises, are used to help individuals cope with their anxiety and improve social functioning over time. 

Is social anxiety the same as shyness? 

Social anxiety is considered more intense than shyness. While shyness involves discomfort in social situations, social anxiety often leads to severe distress, avoidance, and avoidance behaviours, significantly impacting daily functioning and overall quality of life.